Camp David 백악관 발표 문건(20030818)

AUGUST 18, 2023

FACT SHEET: The Trilateral Leaders’ Summit at Camp David

President Biden welcomed Japanese Prime Minister Kishida and Republic of Korea (ROK) President Yoon to a historic trilateral summit at Camp David, the first-ever stand-alone summit of Leaders from the United States, Japan, and the ROK, and the first summit of foreign leaders at Camp David during the Biden-Harris Administration. The Leaders jointly inaugurated a new era of trilateral partnership and reaffirmed that cooperation between the United States, Japan, and the ROK advances the security and prosperity of our people, the Indo-Pacific region, and the world.

This fact sheet provides an overview of the understandings that were affirmed or reaffirmed during the Summit, as well as plans for further cooperative activities between the United States, Japan, and the ROK.

HIGH-LEVEL TRILATERAL CONSULTATIONS

Today’s Summit is the fourth meeting between President Biden, Prime Minister Kishida, and President Yoon over the fourteen months. The Summit is the culmination of numerous meetings between Foreign Ministers, Defense Ministers, National Security Advisors, and other senior officials across the three governments. Today, the three Leaders reaffirmed the critical importance of regular, high-level consultations between our countries.

• Commitment to Consult: The Leaders announced their governments’ commitment to consult with each other in an expeditious manner to coordinate their responses to regional challenges, provocations, and threats that affect their collective interests and security. 
• Annual Leaders’ Meeting: The Leaders decided to meet in-person at least annually to build on the momentum of the Camp David Trilateral Leaders’ Summit. At these meetings, Leaders will share assessments on a range of geostrategic issues and discuss opportunities for further trilateral cooperation.
• Annual Meetings Between Foreign Ministers, Defense Ministers, Commerce and Industry Ministers, and National Security Advisors: At least annually, foreign ministers from the United States, Japan, and the ROK will meet trilaterally with their counterparts; defense ministers will meet trilaterally with their counterparts; commerce and industry ministers will meet trilaterally with their counterparts; and national security advisors will meet trilaterally with their counterparts. The three countries will rotate hosting responsibilities of these separate, annual meetings, all focused on strengthening the trilateral relationship across domains. The three countries will also hold the first trilateral meeting between finance ministers.
• Annual Trilateral Indo-Pacific Dialogue: The Leaders decided that their governments would initiate an annual Assistant Secretary-led Indo-Pacific Dialogue focused on coordinating implementation of their respective Indo-Pacific approaches, with a particular emphasis on partnership with Southeast Asian and Pacific Island countries.

STRENGTHENING SECURITY COOPERATION

The United States, Japan, and the ROK are committed to further strengthening trilateral security cooperation, including through enhanced trilateral defense exercises, improved information sharing, and increased cooperation on ballistic missile defense, including against the DPRK’s missile threat. The three Leaders affirmed ongoing progress to regularize defensive exercises that contribute to strengthening trilateral responses to DPRK threats, resume maritime interdiction exercises and anti-piracy exercises, and expand trilateral cooperation in other areas, including disaster relief and humanitarian assistance.

• Multi-year Trilateral Exercise Plan: Building upon the understandings reached by Defense Ministers in June 2023 at Shangri-La, as well as the recent successful trilateral ballistic missile defense and anti-submarine warfare exercises, the United States, Japan, and the ROK decided on a multi-year trilateral framework that includes annual, named, multi-domain trilateral exercises, which will constitute an unprecedented level of trilateral defense cooperation.

• Improved Cooperation on Ballistic Missile Defense: The United States, Japan, and the ROK affirmed the decision to activate a data-sharing mechanism to exchange real-time missile warning data that would improve the detection and assessment of DPRK missile launches, building upon the commitment made by Leaders at their meeting in Phnom Penh last year. The three leaders committed to operationalizing this mechanism by the end of 2023. This cooperation will strengthen our data sharing and enable all three countries to establish enhanced capabilities that will contribute to peace and stability across the Indo-Pacific.
• Trilateral Working Group on DPRK Cyber Activities: The United States, Japan, and the ROK decided to establish a new trilateral Working Group on DPRK Cyber Activities comprised of the U.S., Japanese, and ROK interagencies to coordinate efforts to counter DPRK illicit revenue generation and malicious cyber activities.  The Working Group will focus on sharing intelligence; coordinating responses to the DPRK’s cryptocurrency use, theft, and laundering; addressing the DPRK’s use of IT workers for revenue generation through diplomatic and industry engagement; and disrupting malicious cyber actor operations.
• Enhanced Information Sharing and Coordination: The three Leaders affirmed the importance of increased information sharing, including the utilization of the 2014 U.S.-Japan-ROK Trilateral Information Sharing Arrangement and their respective bilateral General Security of Military Information Agreements.  The United States, Japan, and the ROK will leverage existing secure lines of communications and continue building and institutionalizing respective communication channels.
• Countering Foreign Information Manipulation: Recognizing the increased threat posed by foreign information manipulation and the misuse of surveillance technology, the United States, Japan, and the ROK will discuss ways to coordinate efforts to counter disinformation.    

BROADENING COOPERATION IN THE INDO-PACIFIC

As Indo-Pacific nations, the United States, Japan, and the ROK are committed to taking actions to defend peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region, along with partners in the region.  They aim to bolster existing regional architecture, such as ASEAN and the Pacific Islands Forum, and enhance our respective capacity building and humanitarian efforts through greater coordination, including through the Partners in the Blue Pacific, the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment, and the Friends of the Mekong.

• Trilateral Development Finance Cooperation: The development finance institutions of the United States, Japan, and ROK – the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation (DFC), Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), and Export-Import Bank of Korea (Korea Eximbank) – are signing a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to strengthen their cooperation to mobilize financing for quality infrastructure, including information and communications technology (ICT); carbon neutrality; and resilient supply chains in the Indo-Pacific region and beyond.  
• Trilateral Maritime Security Cooperation Framework: The United States, Japan, and the ROK are establishing a trilateral maritime mechanism to synchronize partner capacity building in Southeast Asia and Pacific Island countries, with a focus on Coast Guard and maritime law enforcement capacity building and maritime domain awareness.
• Development and Humanitarian Response Policy Dialogue: In October, the United States, Japan, and the ROK will convene a senior-level trilateral development and humanitarian response policy dialogue between the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Japanese and ROK Ministries of Foreign Affairs. This will advance concrete discussions to coordinate assistance to regions across the globe, including the Indo-Pacific. To bridge policy and practice, USAID the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), and Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) will also collaboratively assist the development of partner countries by focusing on their needs.

DEEPENING ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGY COOPERATION

The United States, Japan, and the ROK are strengthening trilateral cooperation to reinforce the rules-based economic order to enhance economic security; promote sustainable, resilient, and inclusive economic growth; and expand prosperity throughout the Indo-Pacific and the world, building on shared leadership in the Minerals Security Partnership, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, and the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity negotiations. The Leaders committed to focusing efforts for trilateral cooperation, including through further Trilateral Economic Security Dialogues, on early warning systems for supply chain resilience; working to coordinate export controls on advanced technology; advancing their efforts to develop international standards and to ensure safe, secure, and trustworthy on artificial intelligence; coordinating infrastructure assistance in the Indo-Pacific region; ensuring financial stability as well as orderly and well-functioning financial markets; expanding collaboration on critical minerals; and working together to address economic coercion.

• Women’s Empowerment Initiative: The United States, Japan, and the ROK highlighted the importance of women’s economic empowerment, and decided to continue building on existing trilateral initiatives on this topic through programs and events designed to build government, civil society, and corporate partnerships that advance women and girls in STEM fields, domestic care infrastructure, and women’s full and meaningful participation in all sectors of society.
• Supply Chain Early Warning System (EWS) Pilot: The United States, Japan, and the ROK decided to launch a pilot EWS, including through periodic information exchanges across their respective missions in a select set of countries, to complement early warning mechanisms such as with the European Union, and additional mechanisms being considered as part of the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity.  They will identify priority products and materials—such as critical minerals, and rechargeable batteries—and establish mechanisms to rapidly share information on disruptions to crucial supply chains.
• Trilateral National Laboratories Cooperation: The United States, Japan, and the ROK will drive new trilateral cooperation between the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Laboratories and counterpart laboratories—supported by a budget of at least $6 million—to advance knowledge, strengthen scientific collaboration, and spearhead innovation in support of the three countries’ shared interests.  Scientists and innovators from the three countries will advance collaborative projects on priority critical and emerging technology areas; potential areas of cooperation include advanced computing, artificial intelligence, materials research, and climate and earthquake modeling among other technology areas. 
• Disruptive Technology Protection Network: The United States, Japan, and the ROK decided to expand collaboration on technology protection measures, including expanding information-sharing and the exchange of best practices across the three countries’ enforcement agencies.  The three countries will build connections between the U.S. Department of Justice and Department of Commerce-led Disruptive Technology Strike Force representatives and Japan and ROK counterparts through an inaugural exchange later this year.
• Technology Standards Cooperation: The United States, Japan, and the ROK will collaborate on advancing common principles to ensure safe, secure, and responsible development and applications of emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence.  The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology will seek to advance a bilateral framework with ROK counterparts to complement and strengthen ongoing efforts with Japan in multilateral fora such as the International Standards Cooperation Network. 

EXPANDING GLOBAL HEALTH AND PEOPLE-TO-PEOPLE COOPERATION

The United States, Japan, and the ROK are committed to protecting the health of their citizens and promoting global health security in the Indo-Pacific through joint research and data sharing. They are also committed to strengthening people-to-people ties through educational and professional exchanges and cooperative efforts that build capacity among the leaders of tomorrow to confront global challenges together.

• Cancer Moonshot Cooperation:  The United States, Japan, and the ROK committed to reinvigorate trilateral cooperation on the U.S. Cancer Moonshot, beginning with a trilateral cancer dialogue, led by high-level representatives from their respective national cancer institutes.  This new initiative builds on a trilateral meeting of health experts that then-Vice President Biden hosted in 2016. The dialogue would enhance cooperation in the sharing of epidemiological data, research, exchange programs, clinical trials, regulations, academic partnerships, and the development of cutting-edge cancer therapies.
• The U.S.-ROK-Japan Trilateral Global Leadership Youth Summit: The Department of State will sponsor the first annual trilateral youth summit to be held in Busan in early 2024. The summit will bring together emerging Korean, Japanese, and American youth leaders to develop global leadership skills and share perspectives on global issues that affect the trilateral partnership.
• Trilateral Technology Leaders Training Program: The Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies intends to host training programs on technology-policy issues for mid-career government officials from the United States, Japan, and the ROK. This program is designed to train the next generation of leaders to make critical decisions about how the technologies of the future are governed.

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AUGUST 18, 2023

Commitment to Consult

Among Japan, the Republic of Korea, and the United States 

We, the leaders of Japan, the Republic of Korea, and the United States, commit our governments to consult trilaterally with each other, in an expeditious manner, to coordinate our responses to regional challenges, provocations, and threats affecting our collective interests and security.  Through these consultations, we intend to share information, align our messaging, and coordinate response actions.

Our countries retain the freedom to take all appropriate actions to uphold our security interests or sovereignty.  This commitment does not supersede or otherwise infringe on the commitments arising from the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security Between Japan and the United States and the Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States and the Republic of Korea.  This commitment is not intended to give rise to rights or obligations under international or domestic law.

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The Spirit of Camp David: Joint Statement of Japan, the Republic of Korea, and the United States

We, the leaders of Japan, the Republic of Korea (ROK), and the United States, convened at Camp David to inaugurate a new era of trilateral partnership. We do so at a time of unparalleled opportunity for our countries and our citizens, and at a hinge point of history, when geopolitical competition, the climate crisis, Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine, and nuclear provocations test us. This is a moment that requires unity and coordinated action from true partners, and it is a moment we intend to meet, together. Japan, the Republic of Korea, and the United States are determined to align our collective efforts because we believe our trilateral partnership advances the security and prosperity of all our people, the region, and the world. In this spirit, Pre­sident Biden commended President Yoon and Prime Minister Kishida for their courageous leadership in transforming relations between Japan and the ROK. With the renewed bonds of friendship—and girded by the ironclad U.S.-Japan and U.S.-ROK alliances—each of our bilateral relationships is now stronger than ever. So too is our trilateral relationship.

On this historic occasion, we commit to expand our cooperation trilaterally and raise our shared ambition to a new horizon, across domains and across the Indo-Pacific and beyond. We will strengthen our economies, provide resilience and prosperity, support the free and open international order based on the rule of law, and bolster regional and global peace and security, especially as current and incoming members of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). We will strengthen our coordination on promoting democracy and protecting human rights. And we will enhance strategic coordination between the U.S.-Japan and U.S.-ROK alliances and bring our trilateral security cooperation to new heights. As we embark together in this new era, our shared values will be our guide and a free and open Indo-Pacific, in which our half-billion people are safe and prosperous, will be our collective purpose.

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Today, we declare openly that we are united in a common purpose to strengthen our shared region. Our mandate is to ensure Japan, the Republic of Korea, and the United States are aligned in our objectives and in our actions, generating the common capacity required to ensure that the Indo-Pacific is thriving, connected, resilient, stable, and secure. Ours is a partnership built not just for our people but for the entire Indo-Pacific.

We announce our governments’ commitment to consult with each other in an expeditious manner to coordinate our responses to regional challenges, provocations, and threats that affect our collective interests and security. Through these consultations we intend to share information, align our messaging, and coordinate response actions. To this end we will improve our trilateral communication mechanism to facilitate regular and timely communication between our countries, including our national leadership. We will hold trilateral meetings between our leaders, foreign ministers, defense ministers, and national security advisors at least annually, complementing existing trilateral meetings between our respective foreign and defense ministries. We will also hold the first trilateral meeting between our finance ministers as well as launch a new commerce and industry ministers track that will meet annually. We will also launch an annual Trilateral Indo-Pacific Dialogue to coordinate implementation of our Indo-Pacific approaches and to continually identify new areas for common action. Recognizing the increased threat posed by foreign information manipulation and misuse of surveillance technology, we will also discuss ways to coordinate our efforts to counter disinformation. We welcome the trilateral development policy dialogue planned in October to advance concrete discussions for deepening development policy coordination. We are resolute in our determination to uphold regional security, strengthen Indo-Pacific engagement, and promote common prosperity.

We wholeheartedly reaffirm ASEAN centrality and unity and our support for the ASEAN-led regional architecture. We are committed to working closely with ASEAN partners to support robust implementation and mainstreaming of the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific. We are collectively working to support sustainable energy and promoting water security and climate resilience in the Mekong River Basin. We reaffirm, too, our support of Pacific Island countries and intend to work in genuine partnership with the Pacific in a transparent and effective manner, consistent with the Pacific Way, that strengthens individual countries and the Pacific region. We plan to coordinate regional capacity-building efforts to ASEAN and Pacific Island countries to ensure that they are mutually reinforcing and maximally beneficial to our valued partners, including through capacity building efforts in cybersecurity and financial integrity and our new Trilateral Maritime Security Cooperation Framework.

We share concerns about actions inconsistent with the rules-based international order, which undermine regional peace and prosperity. Recalling the publicly announced position of each of our countries regarding the dangerous and aggressive behavior supporting unlawful maritime claims that we have recently witnessed by the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in the South China Sea, we strongly oppose any unilateral attempts to change the status quo in the waters of the Indo-Pacific. In particular, we steadfastly oppose the militarization of reclaimed features; the dangerous use of coast guard and maritime militia vessels; and coercive activities. In addition, we are concerned about illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing. We reiterate our firm commitment to international law, including the freedom of navigation and overflight, as reflected in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The July 2016 award in the South China Sea arbitration sets out the legal basis for the peaceful resolution of maritime conflicts between the parties to that proceeding. We reaffirm the importance of peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait as an indispensable element of security and prosperity in the international community. There is no change in our basic positions on Taiwan, and we call for a peaceful resolution of cross-Strait issues.

Furthermore, we reaffirm our commitment to the complete denuclearization of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) in accordance with relevant UNSC resolutions and urge the DPRK to abandon its nuclear and ballistic missile programs. We call on all UN Member States to fully implement all relevant UNSC resolutions. We strongly condemn the DPRK’s unprecedented number of ballistic missile launches, including multiple intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) launches and conventional military actions that pose a grave threat to peace and security on the Korean Peninsula and beyond. We express concern regarding the DPRK’s illicit cyber activities that fund its unlawful WMD and ballistic missile programs. We announce the establishment of a new trilateral working group to drive our cooperation, including with the international community, to combat DPRK cyber threats and block its cyber-enabled sanctions evasion. Japan, the ROK, and the United States remain committed to reestablishing dialogue with the DPRK with no preconditions. We also commit to strengthening cooperation to promote respect for human rights in the DPRK and reaffirm a shared commitment to the immediate resolution of the issues of abductees, detainees, and unrepatriated prisoners of war. We express support for the goal of the ROK’s Audacious Initiative and support a unified Korean Peninsula that is free and at peace.

The United States unequivocally reaffirms that its extended deterrence commitments to both Japan and the ROK are ironclad and backed by the full range of U.S. capabilities. Our three countries announce today that we intend to hold annual, named, multi-domain trilateral exercises on a regular basis to enhance our coordinated capabilities and cooperation. In mid-August, our three countries conducted a maritime ballistic missile defense warning test for the real-time sharing of missile warning data to demonstrate our ability to deter and respond to the DPRK’s advancing nuclear and missile threats more effectively. By the end of 2023, we intend to operationalize our sharing of missile warning data on the DPRK in real-time( in fulfillment of commitments reflected in the November 2022 Phnom Penh Statement), and our countries have taken initial steps to test our technical capabilities for real-time sharing of missile warning data. We are committed to pursuing enhanced ballistic missile defense cooperation to counter DPRK nuclear and missile threats. We reaffirm that achieving a world without nuclear weapons is a common goal for the international community, and we continue to make every effort to ensure that nuclear weapons are never used again.

Even as we deepen our security partnership, we will also maintain focus on building robust cooperation in the economic security and technology spheres, leveraging the unique capabilities that each of our countries brings to bear. In implementing our commitments in the Phnom Penh Statement, our national security teams have met twice under the auspices of the Trilateral Economic Security Dialogue to advance our shared objectives. We are now cooperating trilaterally on supply chain resilience, particularly on semiconductors and batteries, as well as on technology security and standards, clean energy and energy security, biotechnology, critical minerals, pharmaceuticals, artificial intelligence (AI), quantum computing, and scientific research.

Going forward, our countries are committed to working closely together to launch early warning system pilots to expand information sharing and enhance policy coordination on possible disruptions to global supply chains as well as to better prepare us to confront and overcome economic coercion. We will continue to develop the Partnership for Resilient and Inclusive Supply-chain Enhancement (RISE) to help developing countries play larger roles in the supply chains of clean energy products. We will also enhance cooperation on technology protection measures to prevent the cutting-edge technologies we develop from being illegally exported or stolen abroad. To that end, we will conduct inaugural exchanges between the U.S. Disruptive Technology Strike Force and Japanese and ROK counterparts to deepen information-sharing and coordination across our enforcement agencies. We will also continue to strengthen trilateral cooperation on export controls to prevent our technologies from being diverted for military or dual-use capabilities that could potentially threaten international peace and security.

In tandem with technology protection measures, we will bolster combined and collaborative scientific and technological innovation, including by pursuing new trilateral National Labs cooperation and expanding trilateral collaborative research and development and personnel exchanges, particularly in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) sectors. In addition, we seek to expand trilateral cooperation on open radio access network (RAN) and further enhance trilateral dialogue on space security cooperation, particularly regarding threats in the space domain, national space strategies, and the responsible use of space. We acknowledge the crucial role of AI as a transformative technology and affirm our respective efforts to help shape international governance on AI and ensure safe, secure, and trustworthy AI, in line with our shared democratic values and as the basis for international discussions on frontier AI systems.

We are fully committed to continuing to eliminate barriers to economic participation and build diverse, accessible, and inclusive economies in which all our people—including women and marginalized groups—can succeed. We will work to further strengthen our people-to-people ties, including among our young people and students. We will continue our cooperation toward the successful conclusion of the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF) negotiations, and President Yoon and Prime Minister Kishida welcome the United States’ hosting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum this year. President Yoon and President Biden applaud Japan’s strong and principled leadership at the G7 Hiroshima Summit to respond to challenges that the international community is facing. Together, we are committed to accelerate the clean energy transition; mobilize financing for quality infrastructure and resilient supply chains, including through trilateral collaboration among our development finance institutions as well as through the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment (PGII); and promote sustainable economic growth and financial stability, as well as orderly and well-functioning financial markets. We will continue our ambitious agenda to evolve the multilateral development banks to make them more responsive to shared global challenges. The Leaders committed to explore delivering new World Bank Group concessional resources and headroom to fight poverty by addressing global challenges in line with its forthcoming concessionality framework and enhancing resources for the poorest countries, including crisis response.

We are united in our support for Ukraine. We reaffirm our commitment to stand with Ukraine against Russia’s unprovoked and brutal war of aggression that has shaken the foundation of the international order. We commit to continue providing assistance to Ukraine, imposing coordinated, robust sanctions on Russia, and accelerating the reduction of dependency on Russian energy. We believe the lasting lesson from this catastrophic war of aggression must be the international community’s abiding will to uphold the principles of territorial integrity, sovereignty, and the peaceful resolution of disputes. We reaffirm our view that when these foundational principles are rejected anywhere, they represent a threat to our region. We are unified in our intent to ensure that no such egregious acts are ever perpetrated again.

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We depart Camp David with a shared resolve and optimism for the future. The opportunity that lies before us was not guaranteed—it was embraced. It is the product of a determination, fiercely held by each of us, that if we are to deliver a peaceful and prosperous future for our people, and the people of the Indo-Pacific, we must more often stand together. Today, we declare that a new chapter in our trilateral relationship has begun. We are aligned in our vision; undaunted in the face of our era’s greatest challenges; and, most of all, united in our belief that Japan, the Republic of Korea, and the United States can meet those challenges together, now and in the future.

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AUGUST 18, 2023

The Spirit of Camp David: Joint Statement of Japan, the Republic of Korea, and the United States

Laurel Cabin
Camp David, Maryland

11:29 A.M. EDT
 
PRESIDENT BIDEN:  Well, welcome, everyone.  Mr. Prime Minister, Mr. President, it’s an honor to welcome you both here today to inaugurate the Camp David trilateral between our three nations — among our three nations.
It’s not only the first summit I’ve hosted at Camp David, it’s the first-ever standalone summit between the leaders of Japan and Republic of Korea and the United States.
And I can think of no better way — no better way to mark our new chapter of our trilateral cooperation than meeting here at Camp David.
And so, strengthening the ties between our democracies has long been a priority for me, dating back to when I was vice president of the United States.  That’s because our countries are stronger and the world is safer — let me say that again –our countries are stronger and the world will be safer as we stand together.  And I know this is a belief we all three share.
And I want to thank you both for your political courage that brought you here.  And I’m looking forward to us having a great meeting, but continuing these meetings.
You’ve stepped up to do the hard work — the, I would argue, historic work — to forge a foundation from which we can face the future together — the three of us together.
And I’m deeply grateful for your leadership, and I look forward to working with both of you as we begin this new era of cooperation and renew our resolve to serve as a force of good across the Indo-Pacific and, quite frankly, around the world as well.  President Yoon, let me turn this over to you.

PRESIDENT YOON:  (As interpreted.)  I would like to extend my gratitude to President Biden for his warm hospitality.  Last July, we met in Vilnius for the NATO Summit, and I’m pleased to be reunited in about a month.
At this symbolic venue of Camp David in the history of modern diplomacy, our trilateral partnership is opening a new chapter, which carries great significance, in my view.
President Roosevelt once stated: Freedom is not a given but something you fight to win.  To make sure that each of our freedoms is neither threatened or damaged, our three nations must tighten our solidarity.  Such is also our promise and mandate towards our future generations.
The stronger coordination between Korea, the U.S., and Japan requires more robust institutional foundations.  Moreover, challenges that threaten regional security must be addressed by us building a stronger commitment to working together.
Today will be remembered as a historic day where we established a firm institutional basis and commitments to the trilateral partnership.
Today, I hope we will explore together ways to elevate cooperation between Korea, the U.S., and Japan to a new plane through in-depth discussions. 
 
PRIME MINISTER KISHIDA:  (As interpreted.)  First of all, I would like to express my sympathy once again for the devastating damages caused by the wildfires in Maui, Hawaii.  In order to provide relief to the affected people, Japan has decided to offer a total of around $2 million of support.  I offer my heartfelt prayer for the earliest possible recovery of the affected areas. 
May I also once again convey my heartfelt condolences for the passing away of President Yoon’s father. 
And now I would like to thank Joe for your kind invitation to the two of us to Camp David, a place with history. 
President Yoon, I have been meeting you almost on a monthly basis since March of this year.  But the fact that we — the three leaders have got together in this way, I believe, means that we are indeed making a new history as of today. 
The international community is at a turning point in history.  In order to allow the potential of our trilateral strategic collaboration to bloom and to blossom, I wish to take this moment to raise the security — the coordination between Japan, ROK, and the U.S. to new heights while strengthening the coordination between the Japan-U.S. and the U.S.-ROK alliances as we deepen our cooperation in the response to North Korea.
I wish to expand and deepen our collaboration in extensive areas, including economic security, such as critical and emergent technology, cooperation, and supply chains resilience. 
Today, I look forward to engaging in frank discussions amongst ourselves in order to declare a new area of Japan, U.S., ROK partnership. 
I once again express my gratitude for Joe’s initiative.  Thank you.
PRESIDENT BIDEN:  Thank you.  We politely ask the press to — to leave.  Thank you for coming in.
11:36 A.M. EDT

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AUGUST 18, 2023

Camp David Principles

We, Prime Minister Kishida Fumio, President Yoon Suk Yeol, and President Joseph R. Biden, Jr., affirm a shared vision for our partnership as well as for the Indo-Pacific and beyond. Our partnership is based on a bedrock of shared values, mutual respect, and a unified commitment to advance the prosperity of our three countries, the region, and the globe. As we move forward, we intend our partnership to be guided by these principles: 

As Indo-Pacific nations, Japan, the Republic of Korea (ROK), and the United States will continue to advance a free and open Indo-Pacific based on a respect for international law, shared norms, and common values. We strongly oppose any unilateral attempts to change the status quo by force or coercion.  
 
The purpose of our trilateral security cooperation is and will remain to promote and enhance peace and stability throughout the region.
 
Our commitment to the region includes our unwavering support for ASEAN centrality and unity and the ASEAN-led regional architecture. We are committed to partnering closely with ASEAN to advance implementation and mainstreaming of the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific.  
 
We are determined to work closely with Pacific Island countries and the Pacific Islands Forum as the region’s leading institution, consistent with the Pacific Way.
 
We stand united in our commitment to the complete denuclearization of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) in accordance with relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions. We remain committed to dialogue with the DPRK with no preconditions. We seek to address human rights and humanitarian issues, including the immediate resolution of the issues of abductions, detainees, and unrepatriated prisoners of war. We support a unified Korean Peninsula that is free and at peace.
 
We reaffirm the importance of peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait as an indispensable element of security and prosperity in the international community. Recognizing that there is no change in our basic positions on Taiwan, we call for a peaceful resolution of cross-Strait issues.
 
As leading global economies, we seek continued opportunity and prosperity for our peoples, the region, and the globe through open and fair economic practices that promote financial stability as well as orderly and well-functioning financial markets.
 
Our technology cooperation will contribute to the vibrance and dynamism of the Indo-Pacific as we cooperate towards open, accessible, and secure technology approaches based on mutual confidence, trust, and respect for relevant international law and standards. We will seek to develop standard practices and norms between our countries and within international bodies to guide the development, use, and transfer of critical and emerging technologies.
 
Our countries are committed to cooperation to address climate change and will work together to provide leadership and solutions through relevant international institutions. We are committed to enhancing our development and humanitarian response cooperation to collectively overcome global issues and the root causes of insecurity.
 
We are unflinching in our commitment to uphold the principles of the UN Charter, particularly those relating to sovereignty, territorial integrity, the peaceful settlement of disputes, and the use of force. A threat to these principles anywhere undermines respect for them everywhere. As responsible state actors, we seek to promote the rule of law and to ensure regional and international security so all can flourish. 
 
Our countries are dedicated to honoring our commitments to non-proliferation as parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. We reaffirm that achieving a world without nuclear weapons is a common goal for the international community, and we continue to make every effort to ensure that nuclear weapons are never used again.
 
Our countries are only as strong as our societies. We reaffirm our commitment to promoting the full and meaningful participation of women in our societies and to human rights and dignity for all.
 
We announce these shared principles at the start of our new chapter together, with the belief that they will continue to guide our trilateral partnership for years to come.
 
Above all, we recognize that we are stronger, and the Indo-Pacific is stronger, when Japan, the Republic of Korea, and the United States stand as one. 

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AUGUST 18, 2023

Remarks by President Biden, President Yoon Suk Yeol of the Republic of Korea, and Prime Minister Kishida Fumio of Japan in Joint Press Conference | Camp David, MD

Commanding Officers Loop
Camp David, Maryland

3:14 P.M. EDT
 
PRESIDENT BIDEN:  Good afternoon, everyone, and welcome to Camp David.
 
If I seem like I’m happy, it’s because I am.  (Laughter.)  This has been a great, great meeting.
 
Mr. President, Mr. Prime Minister, I — we meet in this historic place to make a historic moment.  And I believe that to be true.  The — this is a new era in partnership between Japan, the Republic of Korea, and the United States — our new Camp David trilat.  (Laughs.)  That’s what we have here.
 
And — but before we dive into the progress we’ve made today — if you excuse, we used to say in the Senate, “a point of personal privilege” — I want to start by expressing my appreciation for the contribution that your countries have made toward the relief following the devastating wildfires in Hawaii.  I want to thank you both on behalf of the American people.
 
I also want to note that my team is closely monitoring Hurricane Hilary, which is — has the potential to bring significant rain and flooding to southern California.  FEMA has pre-positioned personnel and supplies in the region, and they’re ready to respond as needed.  I urge everyone — everyone in the path of this storm to take precautions and listen to the guidance from state and local officials. 
 
And you’ve heard me say it before: The Republic of Korea and Japan are capable and indispensable allies. 
 
Now, to the purpose of why we’re here.
 
America’s commitment to both countries is ironclad, and my personal commitment to bringing these three nations together was real from the very beginning.  
 
Since last summer, we’ve met on the margins of the NATO Summit in Spain, the ASEAN Summit in Cambodia, and the G7 Summit in Japan.  And today, we’ve made history with the first-ever standalone summit between the leaders of our three countries, as well as our commitment to meet together on the leader level annually and to have all of our relative Cabinet-member people meet on a regular basis for — from this point on; not just this year, not next year — forever.  That’s the i- — that’s the intention.
 
And so, I want to recognize the important work that both of you have done and the political courage — and I mean this sincerely — the political courage that you’ve both demonstrated to resolve difficult issues that would’ve stood in the way for a long time of a close relationship between Japan and Korea and with the United States. 
 
Your leadership, with the full support of the United States, has brought us here, because each of you understands that our world stands at an inflection point — a point where we’re called to lead in new ways: to work together, to stand together.  And today, I’m proud to say our nations are answering that call.  
 
First, we’re elevating our trilateral defense collaboration to deliver in the Indo-Pacific region.  That includes launching annual multidomain military exercises, bringing our trilateral defense cooperation to an unprecedented levels. 
 
We’re doubling down on information sharing, including on the DPRK’s missile launches and cyber activities, strengthening our ballistic missile defense cooperation. 
 
And, critically — critically, we’ve all committed to swiftly consult with each other in response to threats to any one of our countries from whatever source it occurs.  That means we’ll have a hotline to share information and coordinate our responses whenever there is a crisis in the region or affecting any one of our countries.
 
And today, we’ve reaffirmed — all reaffirmed our shared commitment to maintaining peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and addressing ec- — and addressing economic coercion.  
 
We’re going to continue to counter threats from the DPRK, including cryptocurrency money laundering to the tune of billions of dollars; potential arms transfer in support of Russia’s brutal war against Ukraine.
 
And together — together, we’re going to stand up for international law, freedom of navigation, and the peaceful resolution of disputes in the South China Sea.  
 
Second, we’re expanding our economic cooperation to build an Ino — an Indo-Pacific that is peaceful and prosperous. 
 
Today, we’ve committed to launch a new — what we call a “Supply Chain Early Warning System” — excuse me, a Supply Chain Early Warning System Pilot and — which will alert our nations to disruptions of certain products and materials, like critical minerals or batteries, so we can get ahead of the issues as we — they appear with the experience — that we’ve experienced in — during the pandemic. 
 
(Referring to a piece of audio equipment.)  Excuse me, this is falling off.  There you go.
 
And — and building on the G7-led Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment, we’re deepening cooperation between our development finance institutions to mobilize more financing for quality infrastructure and secure communications technology to help low-income and middle-income countries throughout the region take on the challenges that matter most to their people.  
 
And finally, our partnership is about building a better future for our people.  That’s why we’re deepening our cooperation on global health and launching a trilateral expert exchange in support of the U.S. Cancer Moonshot initiative.  That’s going to, I believe, change cancer as we know it.
 
It matters a great deal to me and to families all across our three countries.  In the United States, we are revolutionizing the way we do cancer research.  And together, the three of us, I am confident we can harness our shared spirit of innovation and end cancer as we know it. 
 
We’re also launching a new collaboration between our National Laboratories and advance our science knowledge and technological capabilities together.  As we do, we’ll work in lockstep to set the standards for safe, secure, and trustworthy emerging technology, including artificial intelligence, which a lot of work has to be done on.  
 
Let me close with this.  Mr. President, Mr. Prime Minister, this is the first summit I’ve hosted at Camp David as President.  I can think of no more fitting location to begin the next era — our next era of cooperation — a place that has long symbolized the power of new beginnings and new possibilities. 
 
In the months and years ahead, we’re going to continue to seize those possibilities together — unwavering in our unity and unmatched in our resolve.  This is not about a day, a week, or month.  This is about decades and decades of relationships that we’re building.
 
Mr. Prime Minister and Mr. President, I want to thank you for your leader, and I — leadership — and I say it again — for your courage that brought us together.  And I look forward to working with you both of you ahead.
 
Now I yield to — who am I yielding to?  
 
MODERATOR:  Distinguished guests —
 
PRESIDENT BIDEN:  There you go.
 
MODERATOR:  — the President of the Republic of Korea.
 
PRESIDENT BIDEN:  We needed the voice of God to tell us that.  (Laughter.)
 
PRESIDENT YOON:  (As interpreted.)  First of all, I’d like to thank President Biden for his warm hospitality.  It is a great pleasure to visit Camp David along with Prime Minister Kishida.  Camp David is a site that bears historical significance where important diplomatic decisions were made at critical junctures of modern history. 
 
In order to respond to today’s unprecedented polycrisis, the ties between our three countries, which are the most advanced liberal democracies in the region and major economies leading advanced technology and scientific innovation, are more important than ever. 
 
From this moment on, Camp David will be remembered as a historic place where the Republic of Korea, the United States, and Japan proclaimed that we will bolster the rules-based international order and play key roles to enhance regional security and prosperity based on our shared values of freedom, human rights, and rule of law. 
 
Today, we, the three leaders, held the very first standalone trilateral summit marking a new chapter in our trilateral cooperation.  Today, we have agreed on the Camp David principles that will function as the enduring guidelines for our trilateral cooperation.  In addition, we have developed the Spirit of Camp David, which is a document embodying the vision of our trilateral cooperation and ways to translate our will to cooperate into action. 
 
First of all, to facilitate the stable development of our trilateral cooperation, we have built the institutional basis for the trilateral cooperation at multiple levels and sectors.  In addition to making our trilateral summit regular, we have agreed to have our governments’ personnel at all levels — including foreign ministers, defense ministers, and national security advisors — meet every year to closely coordinate our trilateral cooperation. 
 
In particular, we, the three leaders, have agreed to establish a communication channel so we can swiftly coordinate and respond together in case an urgent issue occurs in the region. 
 
Furthermore, to bolster our trilateral strategic cooperation in the Indo-Pacific, our three countries will establish the ROK, U.S., Japan Indo-Pacific dialogue, which will discover new areas of cooperation.  Also, along with the economic security dialogue led by our three countries’ NSCs, we have agreed to found a consultative body for development policy coordination and also build cooperation frameworks in various sectors including global health and women empowerment. 
 
We have also decided to hold our ROK, U.S., and Japan Global Leadership Youth Summit to strengthen ties between our future generations. 
 
Second, we have agreed to step up our security cooperation to ensure our people’s safety and peace in the region based on the now institutionalized Cooperation Framework. 
 
First of all, to this end, we have consulted on practical ways to cooperate, aimed at improving our joint response capabilities to North Korea’s nuclear and missile threats, which have become sophisticated more than ever.  The real-time sharing of DPRK missile warning data, which was agreed upon during the Phnom Penh summit last November, will be activated within this year.  And this will make a significant progress in strengthening our three nations’ capabilities to detect and track North Korea’s missiles. 
 
In countering the DPRK’s nuclear and missile threats, we concurred the trilateral defense exercises were crucial.  As such, annual plans will be established for the ROK, U.S., Japan drills we committed to. 
 
In the meantime, as North Korea funds its nuclear and missile programs by exploiting labor and human rights, efforts to monitor and stem such activities will be redoubled.  To deter the DPRK’s illicit funding activities, a new trilateral working group on DPRK cyber activities will be established. 
 
Moreover, Korea, the U.S., and Japan, in their pursuit of Indo-Pacific strategies, oppose any unilateral attempts to change the status quo by force.
 
Respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, the peaceful settlement of disputes, among others, undergird a rules-based international order that we resolve to safeguard by intensifying our collaboration. 
 
As part of such endeavors, our three nations agreed to support ASEAN and Pacific Island countries with their maritime security capacity-building efforts. 
 
Furthermore, to help Ukrainians regain freedom and pursue reconstruction, we are determined to increase our three-way coordination. 
 
Next, we, the three leaders, discussed how to work together to promote shared prosperity and future growth.  First of all, in the field of economic security directly linked to our national economies of the three countries, we will work to expand our strategic partnership. 
 
To ensure global supply chain resilience and energy security, we pledged to bolster our trilateral cooperation.  To manage global supply chain risks, an early warning system will be established together. 
 
In addition, we decided to broaden our collaboration in the field of cutting-edge technologies to secure future growth engines.  Specifically, in AI, quantum, bio, and next-generation telecommunications and space sectors, cooperation among our three countries will deliver powerful synergies. 
 
Korea, the U.S., and Japan committed to have their national laboratories expand joint R&D and personnel exchanges, providing a cornerstone for the three countries’ leadership in science and technology innovation. 
 
Moreover, for the sake of shared prosperity in the Asia Pacific, in line with the needs of ASEAN and Pacific Island countries, effective support measures will be sought and implemented collectively. 
 
Today, we, the three leaders, affirmed our commitment to the trilateral partnership towards a new era and possibilities thereof.
 
Grounded in the core values of freedom, human rights, and the rule of law, a strong alliance of values among Korea, the U.S., and Japan will help build a world that’s more peaceful and prosperous by serving as a sturdy foundation. 
 
Mr. President, I thank you once again for your hospitality.  Next time, I hope that we will be reunited in the Republic of Korea. 
 
Thank you.  (Applause.)
 
MODERATOR:  Distinguished guests, the Prime Minister of Japan.
 
PRESIDENT BIDEN:  President.
 
PRIME MINISTER KISHIDA:  (As interpreted.)  Thank you.  First of all, in Maui, Hawaii, wildfires caused devastating damage.  I express my sympathy, and I really pray for the peace of those who have lost their lives. 
 
In order to offer support, a total of $2 million worth of support by our country has been decided.  And the full — the relief for the affected people and for the earliest recovery of the affected areas, Japan will proactively do our contribution. 
 
Today, I have visited Camp David, and the three of us have spent a truly meaningful time.  I expressed my heartfelt gratitude to Joe for the kind invitation. 
 
Together with Joe and President Yoon, this has been a precious opportunity for myself to further deepen the relationship of trust and confidence.  For the first time ever, instead of in the sidelines of multilateral conferences, we have held the trilateral summit on a standalone basis. 
 
Here at Camp David, numerous historical meetings have taken place.  And it is a huge honor to have printed a fresh page in its history with this meeting. 
 
The foundation of the trilateral collaboration are the solid, firm, bilateral relationships.  The three of us have understood this more than anyone else and have executed our understanding in practice. 
 
In January of this year, I visited the United States, and later, President Yoon visited Japan in March and then to the U.S. in April.  And in May, I myself traveled to South Korea, and we have bolstered our mutual relationship.
 
At the moment, the free and open international order, based on the rule of law, is in crisis.  Due to Russia’s aggression of Ukraine, the international order is shaken from its foundation.  The unilateral attempt to change the status quo by force in the East and South China Seas are continuing.  And the nuclear and missile threat of North Korea is only becoming ever larger.
 
Under such circumstances, to make our trilateral strategic collaboration blossom and bloom is only logical and almost inevitable and is required in this era. 
 
The three of us here today declare our determination to pioneer the new era of Japan, U.S., ROK partnership. 
 
How we will advance the cooperation of our three countries going forward, I will discuss from three perspectives.
 
Firstly, the coordination between the Japan-U.S. and the U.S.-ROK alliances will be reinforced, and trilateral security cooperation will be brought to a new height. 
 
At this meeting, we agreed to hold the Japan-U.S.-ROK multidomain joint exercises on an annual basis.  Furthermore, regarding the real-time sharing of North Korea’s missile warning information that we agreed last November, the initial steps have been implemented and an important first step has been advanced towards the launch of the mechanism by the end of the year. 
 
We also agreed on the establishment of the working group on North Korea cyber activities, considered to be the source of finance for nuclear and missile development and on other matters. 
 
The second point is the promotion of cooperation between the United States, Japan, and South Korea and the expansion of their areas of cooperation regarding the response to North Korea. 
 
In addition to strengthening regional deterrence and response capabilities, the three countries agreed to strengthen cooperation for the full implementation of sanctions and to work closely together in the U.N. Security Council, where all three countries will be members in 2024. 
 
At the same time, we shared our recognition that the way is open for dialogue with North Korea.  I then stated that the abduction issue is a humanitarian issue with time constraints and once again received the strong support of Joe and President Yoon for the immediate resolution of this matter. 
 
We also agreed to work together through the Indo-Pacific dialogue and the development cooperation to realize a free and open Indo-Pacific and, in particular, to coordinate capacity-building support in the domain of maritime security, particularly with regard to ASEAN and Pacific Island countries. 
 
Furthermore, we agreed to promote cooperation in the field of economic security, including critical and emerging technologies and supply chain resilience. 
 
Third, developing a framework for trilateral cooperation.  This will create a foundation for continuous and stable enhancement of coordination among the three countries. 
 
After confirming that the three countries will promote multi-layered cooperation at all levels, it was agreed that the trilateral summit meeting will be held at least once a year. 
 
And likewise, the ministers of foreign affairs, defense, and national security advisors will each also meet at least once a year.  And the financial minister, as well as the industry and commerce ministers, will be meeting. 
 
We will consider the Camp David principles issued today at a historic turning point for the international community to be a new compass for trilateral cooperation, and we will vigorously implement the concrete cooperation outlined in the Camp David statement of Japan, ROK, and U.S. on our partnership. 
 
Together with Joe and President Yoon, we will continue to work to further strengthen the strategic partnership between the three countries in order to safeguard a free and open international order based on the rule of law. 
 
Thank you.  (Applause.)
 
MS. JEAN-PIERRE:  Thank you.  Now we have time for questions.  President Biden, please select your reporter first.
 
PRESIDENT BIDEN:  Aamer, with the AP.
 
Q Thank you, Mr. President.  I have a question for each of the leaders.  They will be brief and — but related. 
 
President Biden, first for you: How confident should Asia be about a robust American commitment to a nuclear umbrella when the Compa- — Commander-in-Chief who preceded you and is looking to succeed you spoke openly about reducing the U.S. footprint in the Korean Peninsula?
 
President Yoon, how much confidence can Japan and the U.S. have about Seoul’s long-term commitment to rapprochement when polls show the solid majority of Korea disapproves of your handling and mending of the forced labor issue?
 
And, Prime Minister Kishida, what assurances can you give to your country’s citizens who fear bolstering your security cooperation in this matter could lead to — the country into an economic cold war with China?
 
And if you’ll indulge me, Mr. President, on a domestic matter: What is your reaction to the Special Counsel appointment last week into your son?
 
Thank you. 
 
PRESIDENT BIDEN:  (Laughs.)  Well, first of all, look, there’s not much, if anything, I agree on with my predecessor on foreign policy.  His America First policy, walking away from the rest of the world, has made us weaker, not stronger.
 
America is strong with our allies and our alliances, and that’s why we will endure.  And it’s a strength that — quite frankly, that increases all the — three of our strengths.
 
This is just about one summit.  What makes today different is it actually launches a series of initiatives that are actually institutional changes in how we deal with one another — in security cooperation, economic cooperation, technology cooperation, development cooperation, consultation exercises.  And all of this will create (inaudible) momentum, I believe, year by year, month by month, to make the relationship stronger and more certain to remain to be in place. 
 
And with regard — on these esult- — results, I think you’re going to keep it going.  And I think you’re going to benefit all our countries. 
 
And with regard to the second question, I make — I have no comment on any investigation that’s going on.  That’s up to the Justice Department, and that’s all I have to say. 
 
PRESIDENT YOON:  (As interpreted.)  To the question that was directed to me, I would like to say that the treaty made between Korea and Japan that was made in 1965 and the following measures by the government and the Supreme Court’s ruling in 2015 have some differences.  But we have already implemented measures to bridge the gaps among them. 
 
And in South Korea, of course, there is public opinion that is opposed to the government’s measures like that.  However, from a perspective that’s forward-looking, strengthening ties and improving relationships between Korea and Japan are important and there is a shared understanding that this matters to our bilateral relationship, as well as our future.  And this is something we need to continue working on. 
 
PRIME MINISTER KISHIDA:  (As interpreted.)  Thank you for the question.  First of all, at today’s meeting, the rules-based international order and activities inconsistent to such rule-based international order and activities. Other concerns have been shared, and the rule-based, free and open international order must be defended.  And going forward, the U.S., Japan, ROK strategic collaboration will be reinforced even further.  Such endeavors will continue going forward.
 
Our country and for the surrounding countries, the response capabilities, as well as defense capabilities, will be bolstered.  And by doing so, the lives and livelihood of our population will be protected and the sense of assurance must be raised.  These are the important activities. 
 
Having said that, with regard to China, last year, in November, there was the Japan-China Leaders Summit, and there was a positive momentum.  By maintaining the positive momentum, what has to be asserted will be asserted.  And we shall strongly request responsible conduct.  And we will continue an accumulative conversation about multiple issues.  We will cooperate with regard to common challenges.  Such constructive and stable relationship will be established by mutual effort. 
 
That is my administration’s consistent policy.  Based on this perception towards regional stability, our efforts will continue. 
 
Thank you. 
 
MS. JEAN-PIERRE:  President Yoon, next question, please. 
 
PRESIDENT YOON:  (As interpreted.)  Please go ahead and ask a question.  The reporter from Money Today — reporter named Jongjin Park.  Please go ahead with your question.
 
Q    (As interpreted.)  Hi, I’m Jongjin Park of Money Today.  First of all, I would like to ask a question to President Yoon Suk Yeol of the Republic of Korea.  I heard that you said that a new chapter has opened in our trilateral cooperation with the two countries.  Compared to the previous summits, what would be the most significant outcome that you gained through this summit?
 
And also, from the perspective of our people, what would be the benefit that the people of Korea would feel from these strengthening of ties?
 
And now my question goes to President Biden.  During this summit, the issues of detainees or prisoners of wars — and you mentioned that there will be further cooperation in these human rights issues.  And you also said you will support the free and peaceful Korean Peninsula in the region.  And what kind of shift would there be in your policy?  And what kind of specific solutions do you have in this regard?
 
Lastly, I would like to direct my question to Prime Minister Kishida.  Today, we had a historic trilateral summit.  However, there was much backlash and many concerns in Korea.  However, President Yoon showed his political courage to do so.  That’s the international community’s evaluation. 
 
However, there are still concerns that Japan is making very passive efforts to resolve our issues that still remain.  And also, how would you be able to show your truthful willingness to resolve and improve our bilateral relations going forward?
 
PRESIDENT YOON:  (As interpreted.)  First of all, this trilateral cooperation amongst our three countries has opened a new chapter, and we made that announcement today to talk about the differences from the past cooperation. 
 
For instance, in the past, it was about individual issues that we sought cooperation among ourselves.  But now, as we have opened a new chapter in our cooperation for security, economy, science and technology, and development cooperation for the Global South, health, and women — across all of these issues, our three countries decided to closely work together.  So it’s much more comprehensive in nature. 
 
Such comprehensive cooperation has been launched by us today because currently we face complicated crisis and the threat from the DPRK.  And across the world, we believe that we can together make a contribution to freedom and peace around the world. 
 
So that is our foundational understanding and our common and shared interests of the three countries.  And not just for exclusionary interests of ourselves.  Our interests are well aligned with the universal interests of the members of the global community.  That’s where we find our shared interests lie. 
 
And at the same time, this framework of comprehensive cooperation among our three countries will contribute to global supply chain resilience, global financial market stability, cooperation in the frontier technology sectors and science. 
 
Our three countries together have the best-in-class expertise in science and technology.  And we are the ones who are implementing liberal democracies. 
 
Naturally, progress in science and technologies will bring benefits — tangible benefits to our people, not just in terms of security, but also in terms of economy and science and technology. 
 
But what is most important here is not about our own interests only.  When we put our forces together, I believe that we can make a contribution to the advancement of freedom and peace in the world.  And that’s exactly where our interests are aligned. 
 
PRESIDENT BIDEN:  I — look, back in May of 2022, I met with the families of the Japanese abductees during my visit, heard their stories, and empathized with them and got a sense of the pain they’re feeling.  It’s real. 
 
We know there are many families out there who still wait and worry and wonder.  We’re not going to forget about them or their loved ones. 
 
And there’s clear language on this on our joint statement.  The bottom line is this: that we share a common position.  We’re committed to working together to see the return of all prisoners of war and — and those who’ve been abducted and detained. 
 
And by the way, one of the things we get asked many times — and it wasn’t directly asked, but implied — is what makes us think any of this is positive. 
 
Success brings success.  When other nations see cooperation in the region, they make judgments about: Would they be better off if they made commitments?  Will they move?
 
Think about — as students of history, all of you — and you are — think about how many times successes have generated other successes when you don’t anticipate it. 
 
And so, I — I just think this is a — we’re not going to forget, we’re not giving up, and we’re going to continue to make the case for the freedom of all of those detainees. 
 
PRIME MINISTER KISHIDA:  (As interpreted.)  With regard to your question for me, first of all, I have strong feelings about strengthening bilateral relationships between the ROK and Japan.  I share that with President Yoon.  The two countries, in dealing with international challenges, should cooperate.  We’re both important neighboring countries.  And so, friendship with President Yoon and a relationship of trust, based on this, both countries as partners should open up a new era.  And that is my thinking. 
 
This year, President Yoon came to Japan, and I visited the ROK.  At international fora, we have repeated meetings — we have had repeated meetings.  And between our two countries, including the economy and security, we’ve had forward-looking and concrete approaches which were started.  It’s already in motion, dynamically. 
 
Economic security dialogue was started — or it has been decided on.  In the area of export control, there have been progress.  And also financial ministers and defense ministers have had meetings. 
 
And so, we’ve had this very positive, forward-looking developments.  And these are seen not only in the public sector.  Also in the private sector, we see a slate of developments, human exchanges, and exchanges between business circles.  We’re seeing very active developments in all of these areas, and that is a reality.
 
Going forward, we hope to accumulate these approaches along with President Yoon to strengthen our bilateral relations even further.  By generating results, we hope that people will understand Japan’s feelings towards our bilateral relations.  And we’d like to continue such efforts. 
 
Thank you. 
 
Thank you very much.  Then, let me see.  From Kyodo — Tajiri-san, Kyodo News.
 
Q    (As interpreted.)  Tajiri, Kyodo News.  At Camp David with history.  I do have a question to each of the leaders.

President Biden, it was mentioned at this summit meeting that Russia’s aggression of Ukraine is continuing.  So, what role do you expect of Japan?  Prime Minister Kishida has mentioned that as China’s threat in Asia is rising, Ukraine may be East Asia tomorrow.  What do you think about this comment, President Biden?
And the situation in Asia, where China’s threat is rising — what is the meaning and significance of the Trilateral relationship with Japan, U.S., ROK becoming stronger in multiple layers?

President Yoon Suk Yeol, I have a question to Your Excellency.  North Korea’s nuclear missile development is a major security threat to Japan, South Korea, and the U.S.  (As North Korea’s provocations continue to escalate), what is the meaning and significance of the three countries declaring a new era of partnership?

Regarding the release of treated water at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, did Prime Minister Kishida explain the matter at the trilateral or the bilateral summit today? To the recent Japan-ROK summit meeting, Your Excellency, you expressed your intent to respect the IAEA report despite the strong domestic opposition.  Why do you demonstrate your understanding for the policy of Kishida administration?  I ask for that reason.
 
And to Prime Minister Kishida, this is the first time that a trilateral summit is held on a standalone basis rather than on the sidelines of international meetings.  You have said that the trilateral cooperation will be raised to new heights for the security environment in East Asia.  And without the resolution of abduction, North Korea is continuing nuclear missile development.  What is the meaning for North Korea?
And in eastern South China Seas, by maritime advancement, China is continuing unilateral attempts to change the status quo.  What is the meaning for China?
 
PRESIDENT BIDEN:  And you have a great imagination.  One question ends up being six.  But, thank you.  I’ll try to answer all of it.  (Laughter.)  I’m glad I didn’t have you as my law professor when he said “one question.”  (Laughs.)  At any rate, they’re all legitimate questions. 
Look, on Ukraine, I and my country and the leadership of my country in both parties are very grateful for everything Japan is helping to deal with in Ukraine.  And I mean that sincerely.  You’ve showed strong leadership through the G7 as well and contributed to a significant amount of financial and humanitarian assistance to Ukraine, as well as nonlethal military equipment. 
And, you know — and they joined so many other nations in holding Russia accountable through their international sanctions. 
If my memory serves me well — and I think it does, Mr.  Prime Minister — we found ourselves in a circumstance where, when I called you about Ukraine, I didn’t have to convince you of anything.  I started off to make the case that Ukraine was a circumstance where — to think, in the first quarter of the 20th century, another country would amass over 150,000 forces on the border of another country — or 150,000 forces and invade that country — invade that country without any rationale other than — if you read Putin’s speech after he invaded, he talked about Kyiv being the motherland.  You know, I mean, it just was ridiculous, I think.  And he talked about being Peter the Great.  It was —
Just imagine if we had done nothing.  Imagine if we had done nothing. 

And the point was immediately recognized, if I’m not mistaken, by you, Mr. Prime Minister, that we’re
in a situation where it could happen anywhere.  If we stand — if we had stood still, what signal would that send to China about Taiwan?  What signal would that send around the world if nations weren’t powerful on borders?
But here’s the deal.  You contributed significantly to what, I think, is already the —
Let me put it this way.  Russia has already lost.  It cannot meet its original objective which it stated.  It’s not possible. But — and they’ve joined so many other nations in holding Russia accountable for international sanctions. 

But Japan’s leadership,( from day one), it has been critical for making it clear that the consequences for war extend well beyond Europe — well beyond Europe.
I say it in reverse.  What would happen if an Asian country with 150,000 troops invaded another?  You think that would not affect the interests, the economy, and — and the foreign policy of nations in Europe and Latin America all across the world?  It would have profound impact.
And with Japan’s leadership, (from day one), it has been critical to making clear the consequences of this will extend well beyond Europe — well beyond Europe.  It’s a global issue that has impacts everywhere.  And the Prime Minister’s comments at Shangri La capture that. 
And by the way, you know, we talked about this being an inflection point.  The world is changing.  The world is changing.  And about every six or seven generations, it makes significant change.  And there’s a lot happening. 
And the idea that we’re going to sit down, the rest of the world, and say, “Well, that’s only a European problem.”  There hasn’t been that kind of invasion since World War Two. 
And so — as for peace, we all want that, of course.  Ukrainians want it most of all.  And my team has been working very closely with the — President Zelenskyy’s team and further peace formula, noting that “nothing about Ukraine without Ukraine.” But nonetheless, we’re meeting with them constantly — constantly. 

And your other two questions about China — I’ll just say this: This summit was not about China.  That was not the purpose of the meeting.  But it did come — China obviously came up.  (Not to say we don’t share concerns about the economic coercion or heightened tensions caused by China), but this summit was really about our relationship with each other and deepening cooperation across an entire range of issues that went well beyond just the immediate issues we raised. 

It was about more peaceful and prosperous Indo-Pacific — a region, quite frankly, that would benefit everyone living there and around the world if we get it right.  It’s not just here.  It has a phenomenal impact. 
Think about what’s — at any rate, I won’t get going.  I’ll take too long. 
But as you’ve seen from the initiatives we’re announcing here, today is just how committed we are to see this vision take place.  And I think this relationship that we put together and I think we’re going to — you’re going to see it expand.  It’s not merely what we did today.  This is a historic meeting. 
But we’re about to — we’ve laid in place a long-term structure for a relationship that will last and have a phenomenal impact not just in Asia, but around the world. 
Someone once said in a different context that — about a health- — a healthcare provision in my country a while ago: This is a big deal.  This is a big deal. 

Q    President Biden, how soon do you anticipate meeting with President Xi —
PRESIDENT BIDEN:  They have to answer their questions.
PRESIDENT YOON:  (As interpreted.)  Yes, let me address the questions directed to me. 
First, as to North Korea’s nuclear and missile provocations and the threats that are posed and how we plan to counter those threats together among our three countries, let me address that question. 
Of the cooperative frameworks among our three countries is the most — what is most symbolic out of those is our cooperation in defense area.  Any provocations or attacks against any one of our three countries will trigger a decision-making process of this trilateral framework, and our solidarity will become even stronger and harder. 
And at the same time, missile information will be shared in a real-time basis, and systematic training and drills will be implemented in accordance with systematic annual schedules, regular schedules, and regular trainings that we plan to carry out together against the DPRK’s missile provocations.  That will be our response. 

And at the same time, regarding your question concerning the water release from the Fukushima plant, as a matter of fact, that issue was not addressed during our summit because it was not on the agenda. 
But still, let me try to address that question.  The Fukushima plant’s treated water, if it’s going to have some type of impact, it would flow through the entire Pacific Ocean having an impact not just on our three countries, but all countries around the world. 
As such, for the sake of safety and health of the people of our three countries and all members of the international community, that should be something that we need to place the highest priority on. 
Regarding this treated water, based on scientific principles, all of the processing should be carried out accordingly.  And at the same time, internationally recognized and reliable IAEA’s investigation results are something that we can trust. And I would like to make sure that everything is conducted and carried out in accordance with the procedures established by the IAEA.  Together with the international community and also together with the Koreans, transparent data disclosure would be necessary, in my opinion. 
 
PRIME MINISTER KISHIDA:  (As interpreted.)  Thank you.  The question to myself.  As you mentioned, nuclear and missile development by North Korea or unilateral attempts to change the status quo in the East and South China Seas are ongoing.  And the security environment surrounding our three countries, it has becoming increasingly harsh day after day. 
Under this backdrop, on this occasion, we agreed to enhance the coordination between the U.S.-Japan and the U.S.-ROK alliances and to bring the trilateral security cooperation to new heights. 
This is indeed the requirement of this era.  And by this summit, I am sure that the trilateral security cooperation will further advance and reinforce the regional peace and stability.
In particular, with regard to North Korea, we were able to put forward concrete results, such as the implementation of annual Japan, U.S, ROK multidomain and joint exercises and the establishment of a working group to address North Korea’s cyber activities. 
I also stated that the abduction issue is a humanitarian issue with time constraints.  And Joe and President Yoon reiterated their strong support for the immediate resolution of this matter. 

We also shared our recognition that the path to dialogue with North Korea is open. 
Furthermore, once again, the presidents of both countries aligned with me in strongly opposing unilateral changes to the status quo through the use of force.
We will continue our efforts to further strengthen the strategic partnership among the three countries in order to defend the free, open, and international order based on the rule of law. That is all.  Thank you.
 
MS. JEAN-PIERRE:  This concludes —
 
PRESIDENT BIDEN:  To answer your question, I expect and hope to follow up on our conversation on Bali this fall.  That’s my expectation.  Thank you.
 
MS. JEAN-PIERRE:  This concludes our press conference. Please — please stay seated as the — the leaders depart, please.  Please stay seated.
 
Q    Mr. President, are you winning the competition with China?
 
PRESIDENT BIDEN:  We’re winning all the competition.
 
4:08 P.M. EDT

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AUGUST 18, 2023

Press Gaggle by National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan | Thurmont, MD

Camp David
Thurmont, Maryland

8:34 A.M. EDT

MS. JEAN-PIERRE:  Good morning.  Welcome to Camp David.  We’re really excited to have you all here.  As you all know, the National Security Advisor, Jake Sullivan, is here to give a preview of this historic day: the trilateral summit here at Camp David. With that, you — here comes Jake Sullivan.  Here you go.

MR. SULLIVAN:  Thank you, Karine.  Thanks, everybody.  Hope you didn’t have too much trouble getting in this morning.  It’s really great to be here at Camp David.  And today, President Biden will host Prime Minister Kishida of Japan and President Yoon of South — of the Republic of Korea for a historic trilateral summit. 

The summit marks the first visit here to Camp David by a foreign leader — and, in this case, it will be two foreign leaders — in the Biden administration. It’s actually the first foreign leader visit to Camp David since 2015.  And in keeping with the time-honored tradition of hosting significant, consequential diplomatic meetings at Camp David, this summit signifies a new era of trilateral cooperation for the U.S., Japan, and the ROK. 

In many ways, the summit has been in the making since the day that President Biden took office.  He has really focused on each of these relationships, each of these alliances — the bilateral relationship we have with Japan and with Korea, and then, of course, the trilateral cooperation among the three of us.  In fact, his first two foreign leader visits to the White House back in 2021 were Japan and the ROK.  And his first two stops on his first foreign trip to Asia were Japan and the ROK. So, President Biden has really worked to strengthen and modernize our bilateral alliances and to take them to new heights.  And I think it would be fair to say that these alliances are stronger than they have been at any point in modern memory. 

And a lot of that, frankly, is due to the President’s focus and investment in the personal aspect of diplomacy, in cultivating leader-to-leader relationships with both the President of Korea and the Prime Minister of Japan. And the trust and respect that has been engendered by his investment in these relationships has led to significant bilateral accomplishments: the Washington Declaration with the Republic of Korea, the work the U.S. and Japan have done together to support Ukraine and to enhance Japan’s defense capabilities. 

One area that President Biden has particularly emphasized from his first conversations as president with both of these leaders was how to build stronger Japan-ROK ties and how that is in the fundamental national security interests of the United States. President Biden encouraged both leaders to take bold steps to improve their bilateral relationship, which could help set the foundation for the significant breakthrough in trilateral cooperation that will be on display today. 

And as the ROK and Japan broke new diplomatic ground, President Biden was there to reinforce and reassure.  And he directed his team to do the same.  So Secretary Blinken, Secretary Austin, myself — we’ve developed deep relationships on a trilateral basis with our counterparts from Japan and the ROK. 

And President Biden himself has held three summits already, although all of them on the margins of other meetings.  This, in fact, is the first time that there will be a standalone trilateral summit of the three leaders. So, what will happen today?  Today, we are going to lay a strong foundation for this trilateral partnership to make sure that it’s deep, it is strong, and that it’s built to last.  We’re opening a new era, and we’re making sure that era has staying power. So, that means regularizing meetings between our leaders and our senior officials on an annual basis to discuss the broad agenda of security technology, regional strategy, economic partnership, and more. 

We’re announcing significant steps to enhance trilateral security cooperation in the region in the face of North Korean provocations, including a multiyear exercise plan, deeper coordination and integration on ballistic missile defense, and improving information-sharing and crisis communication and the policy coordination that goes along with responding to contingencies in the Indo-Pacific. We’re unveiling new economic and energy security initiatives, including an early warning mechanism for supply chain disruptions. Our three countries will announce new regional initiatives to build partner capacity throughout the Indo-Pacific, including in the maritime security domain, which will ensure that our cooperation benefits not just the people of our three countries but the people of the entire region. 

Yesterday, Kurt and Mira walked through with you the specific deliverables, so I won’t go into more detail now.  Suffice it to say, this is a big deal.  It is a historic event, and it sets the conditions for a more peaceful and prosperous Indo-Pacific and a stronger and more secure United States of America. So, this is a worthy legacy for the President, for President Yoon, for Prime Minister Kishida, and for all of the teams that have done so much work to get us to this point and to see this point not just as the culmination, but the launch of this new era in trilateral cooperation that we believe will come to the strong benefit of each of our three countries. So, with that, I’d be happy to take some questions. Trevor.

Q    So, there’s been some analysis that the new missiles that North Korea has, kind of, shown the world rely on some technology that may be coming from Russia.  What’s your current analysis of — of the degree to which they are collaborating on nuclear and missile-related technology and how big of an issue is it?

MR. SULLIVAN:  We are concerned about the relationship, including the technology and security relationship between Russia and the DPRK. In terms of this specific report you’re referring to about Russian missi- — missile technology and North Korean missiles, I don’t have anything to add to that today.  I will say it’s something our intelligence community is taking a hard look at. And this is also a dynamic picture because, as we have seen, Russia has been seeking to get materiel for its war effort in Ukraine from Pyongyang, from North Korea.  And as they have done with other countries, like Iran, when they asked, they usually also offer some types of security cooperation in return.  So, that’s something that we’re taking a hard look at. 

And I would just point out that North Korea is subject to multiple U.N. Security Council resolutions.  Russia is a permanent member of the Security Council; it has a heightened responsibility to comply with those Security Council resolutions.  And to the extent it is not doing so, including with respect to ballistic missile defense technology and other things, Russia would be, you know, in — sort of flouting and in flagrant violation of U.N. Security Council resolutions. I’m not asserting that that is the case today, so I’m not validating that report.  I am saying it is a matter of concern and it is a matter that we are very much looking into. 

Q    And I know this is not what you’re announcing today, but is the goal eventually — 5 years out, 10 years out, 20 years out — to have actually a formal alliance and a mutual defense, kind of, pact here between these three countries?  Is that where we should be headed?

MR. SULLIVAN:  We have not set that as an explicit goal.  We have not set an endpoint of a formal trilateral alliance.  We have strong and deep and decades-long bilateral alliances with both Japan and the ROK.  We would like to see them continue to strengthen their cooperation and for this three-way cooperation to get deeper and more institutionalized. Today, we’re announcing a commitment to consult among the three countries.  That itself is a very significant step because it means that the three countries recognize their common interests in having a coherent and coordinated response to — to any contingencies — security contingency. But I’m not pointing an arrow towards a defined endpoint of the kind you’re talking about.  Yeah.

Q    Hey, Jake.  The Washington (inaudible) — or the Washington Post reported overnight that the U.S. does not expect Ukraine’s military to be able to reach Melitopol.  Is that an accurate assessment of their counteroffensive right now? 

MR. SULLIVAN:  So, I’m not going to speak to intelligence reports.  I will say that over the course of the past two years, there have been a lot of analyses of how this war would unfold coming from a lot of quarters.  And we’ve seen numerous changes in those analyses over time as dynamic battlefield con- — battlefield conditions change. So, what we have said from multiple podiums and multiple briefings remains the same, which is we’re doing everything we can to support Ukraine in its counteroffensive.  We’re not going to handicap the outcome.  We’re not going to predict what’s going to happen because this war has been inherently unpredictable. And that’s all I can say today, other than I believe and have confidence in the capacity and especially the bravery of the Ukrainian fighters to continue to make progress on the battlefield. 

Q    Can you speak to the decision to approve the F- — the F-16 transfer?

MR. SULLIVAN:  Back at the G7 in Hiroshima, President Biden indicated — both to his colleagues, his allies, and to the world — that he would support an effort to train Ukrainian pilots on F-16s. What we did this week is formalized, through a letter from Secretary Blinken to his counterparts in Europe, that upon the completion of that training, the United States would be prepared, in consultation with Congress, to approve third-party transfer of F-16 aircraft to Ukraine.  That is the natural extension of what the President announced in Hiroshima. There have, for reasons I don’t fully understand, been questions about whether we were actually going to do that.  So, to put all of those questions to rest, then, in fact, the training will be followed by the transfer as we work with Congress to effectuate that and with our allies. You know, we underlined, underscored, and put an exclamation point on that this week. 

Q    Thank you.  Officials have said there have been efforts to make it difficult to backtrack from the commitments made today during future administrations here, in South Korea, and Japan.  Can you just expand on the staying power you described earlier and what assurances this trilateral alliance can take away that the work of the summit will last beyond these administrations?

MR. SULLIVAN:  I’d answer that in three ways.  First, in terms of the actual mechanisms of collaboration.  So, the three countries are putting pen to paper to say, “We will meet annually at leader level and at every significant level of our government.”  And the work between those meetings will set up further substantive progress. That alone — that kind of long-term perspective on the cooperation between our three countries, the trilateral partnership — we’ve never seen that before.  So, that’s on the process side. 

Second, you can see in specific outcomes of today that same multiyear perspective.  So, for example, we’ve had one-off exercises in the past, particularly in response to DPRK provocations. What the leaders will commit to today is a multiyear planning process for the military exercises in all domains: air, land, sea, undersea, cyber, et cetera.  And that means that you will start to see a kind of momentum and inertia built into the planning processes of our three national security establishments with a horizon that extends not just a year out or three years out, but quite extensively. 

And then finally, the sheer breadth of the commitments being made today and the ways in which these commitments will stitch together our systems across economics, technology, people-to-people regional cooperation, the traditional security domain mean that we believe that today is going to establish the kind of foundation that will make this trilateral partnership built to last. You know, of course, every leader is going to have to make decisions, but the architecture, the framework, the structure that’s being put in place now, from our perspective, is — has a tailwind behind it that will propel it forward and be very difficult to knock off course. 

Q    Republicans in the House Oversight Committee are currently investigating the Biden family’s ties to foreign entities.  The House specifically pointed to Hunter Biden’s financial ties with China.  Does the administration view this investigation as legitimate?  And is the administration concerned that Hunter Biden’s ties to China pose a national security issue?

MR. SULLIVAN:  I don’t have any comment on that. 

Q    Thank you, Jake.  Could you just clarify if the U.S. has authorized the transfer of the F-16 syllabus materials to the European partners?  Can you please clarify if the U.S. has authorized a transfer of the F-16 syllabus material to the European partners? 

MR. SULLIVAN:  Yes, of course.  We’re working closely with our European partners on every element of the training program, including the manuals, as well as our people are working with their people.  Our trainers are working with their trainers.  So, there is a full integration of the effort at this point. 

Q    Does the U.S. consider extending the NATO invitation to Ukraine that would potentially, like, exclude the territory that un- — that are not under Kyiv’s control. 

MR. SULLIVAN:  Right now, we have not gone further than what is stated in the Vilnius document.  And the Vilnius document is what governs NATO’s attitude toward and approach to Ukraine’s eventual membership in NATO and the invitation that we’ve made. 

Q    And do you have any updates on the Chinese hackers who breached the U.S. federal network and high-level officials such as the Secretary of Commerce? 

MR. SULLIVAN:  I don’t have an update for you today. 

Yep.  Last one. 

Q    Thank you.  China has been critical of this trilateral meeting.  Why should they not see what’s happening today and the greater cooperation that you’re talking about as the beginning of some kind of mini-NATO for the Pacific?

MR. SULLIVAN:  Well, first, it’s explicitly not a NATO for the Pacific.  We’ve said that.  We will continue to underscore that and so will both Japan and Korea. Second, we’ve had a combined 150 years of alliance cooperation with Japan and Korea.  So, this is — in that sense, the work that we are doing with these two countries is not new.  What is new is that we are now stitching all of that work together to try to enhance regional stability and security.  And I would just point out that in all of those decades of cooperation we’ve had with Japan and the ROK, we have helped safeguard stability and security in the Indo-Pacific.  And that has created the conditions for all of the countries of the region to do well economically — by the way, including China. And then finally, I would just underscore that this summit today, this partnership is not against anyone.  It is for something.  It is for a vision of the Indo-Pacific that is free, open, secure, and prosperous.  This is an affirmative agenda. 

If you look at the deliverables, if you look at the joint statement, if you look at the principles that are coming out of today, they are not taking aim at a country.  They are taking aim at an affirmative vision for how we can deliver results for the peoples of our countries, but also for people across the Pacific. And so, we are very proud of the work we are doing.  We see it as a contributor — a net contributor to security in the region, to stability in the region, and to enhance prosperity in the region. And we think it will be broadly welcomed by countries throughout the Indo-Pacific — from the Pacific Islands to ASEAN to South Asia. 

So, from our perspective, today is a day that is not about being against anything.  It is about being for something.  And that’s the kind of affirmative valence you are going to see throughout both the substance and the statements of the leaders at the end of the day. 

MS. JEAN-PIERRE:  Thank you, Jake.  And that concludes our press briefing of — at Camp David today.  Thanks, everybody.  8:50 A.M. EDT